Most Californians already know that the state of CA has some of the strictest emissions requirements in the nation. These requirements show up in the sticker price when it comes time to purchasing a new or used car. By being a smart consumer you can be an expert negotiator when it comes time to talk about the price of the vehicle. In addition, you can use your research and car knowledge to help you find the best car loan in the Oakland, California area. Remember, knowledge is power and knowing the ropes of the car business before walking into the finance office can help you shave percentage points off your finance agreement!
Consumers are finding that used vehicles sometimes offer the best bang for the buck when it comes time to purchase a car or truck. The depreciation has been absorbed by the first owner and you can often purchase a much better vehicle in terms of features used than you might be able to afford new. Many dealerships that sell used cars participate in certified pre-owned programs which means the cars have passed a comprehensive inspection program mandated by the car manufacturer and may very well come with a warranty for at least the first full year of ownership.
When it comes time to finance the vehicle purchase don't be afraid to go outside the dealership. Banks, credit unions and specialized auto finance companies in CA can sometimes offer you better interest rates than the dealers cannot match. When shopping for financing remember that the short the loan term and the more money you can put down on the vehicle in the beginning will mean a lot less out of pocket money you will owe in the long run.
Purchasing a car or truck can be a stressful experience for some, but arming yourself with knowledge before walking in the door will prepare you for cutting past the fluff and getting down to business when you find the perfect vehicle for your needs.
Computers > Networking > Computer NetworkHow Do Wireless Networks Work?
Posted by nick_niesen in Computers on October 26th, 2010
Wireless networks work using radio waves instead of wires to transmit data between computers. That's the simple version. If you're curious to know what's going on in more detail, then it's all explained in this article.
Ones and Zeros.
I'm sure you know that computers transmit data digitally, using binary: ones and zeros. This is a way of communicating that translates very well to radio waves, since the computer can transmit ones and zeros as different kinds of beep. These beeps are so fast that they're outside a human's hearing range -- radio waves that you can't hear are, in fact, all around you all the time. That doesn't stop a computer from using them, though.
Morse Code.
The way it works is a lot like Morse code. You probably already know that Morse code is a way of representing the alphabet so that it can be transmitted over radio using a dot (short beep) and a dash (long dash). It was used manually for years, and became a great way of getting information from one place to another with the invention of the telegraph. More importantly for this example, though, it is a binary system, just like a computer's ones and zeros.
You might think of wireless networking, then, as being like Morse code for computers. You plug a combined radio receiver and transmitter in, and the computer is able to send out its equivalent of dots and dashes (bits, in computer-speak) to get your data from one place to another.
All About Frequencies.
You might wonder, though, how the computer could possibly transmit enough bits to send and receive data at the speed it does. After all, there must be a limit on how much can be sent in a second before it just becomes useless nonsense, right? Well, yes, but the key to wireless networking is that it gets around this problem.
First of all, wireless transmissions are sent at very high frequencies, meaning that more data can be sent per second. Most wireless connections use a frequency of 2.4 gigahertz (2.4 billion cycles per second) -- a similar frequency to mobile phones and microwave ovens. As you might know, though, a frequency this high means that the wavelength must be very short, which is why wireless networking only works over a limited area.
In addition, wireless networks make use of a technique known as 'frequency hopping'. They use dozens of frequencies in the range they are given, and constantly switch between them. This makes wireless networks more immune to interference from other radio signals than they would be if they only transmitted on one frequency.
Access Points.
The final step is when it comes to all the computers on a network sharing Internet access. This is done using a special piece of wireless equipment called an access point. Access points are more expensive than wireless cards for one computer, as they contain radios that are capable of talking to around 100 computers at the same time, and sharing out access to the Internet between them. Dedicated access points are only really essential for larger networks, though -- if you only have a few computers, it is possible to use one of them as the access point, or you could just get a wireless router.
They Understand Each Other.
That's all well and good, then, but how does wireless equipment made by entirely different companies manage to work together when this is all so complicated? Well, the answer is that there are standards that all wireless devices follow. These standards are technically called the 802.11 standards, and are set by the IEEE (Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers). It is thanks to people sticking to their standards that wireless networking is so easy and cheap to use today.
Toonstruck 2 - The Fan Project
Thema drucken
04.03.2019 04:50
Antworten
